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Battle of Gully Ravine
The Battle of Gully Ravine (''Zığındere'') was a World War I battle fought at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula. By June 1915 all thoughts the Allies had of a swift decisive victory over the Ottoman Empire had vanished. The preceding Third Battle of Krithia and the attack at Gully Ravine had limited objectives and had much in common with the trench warfare prevailing on the Western Front. Unlike previous Allied attacks at Helles, the Gully Ravine action was largely successful at achieving its objectives though at a typically high cost in casualties.
==Prelude==
The third battle of Krithia on 4 June had made some progress in the centre of the line at Helles but had failed on the left flank (west) along Gully Spur and Gully Ravine and on the right flank (east) where the French contingent were confronted by a number of strong Ottoman redoubts on Kereves Spur. As a prelude to a new offensive the commander at Helles, Lieutenant General Aylmer Hunter-Weston ordered separate limited attacks to advance the flanks.
(''1. Kerevizdere Battle'')On 21 June the French, with overwhelming artillery support, attacked two redoubts controlling the crest of Kereves Spur (''Kervizdere''). Over 40,000 shells fell on the Ottoman 2nd Division defending this area.〔Kadri Perk, ''Çanakkale Savaşları Tarihi'', p.80〕 They succeeded in capturing Haricot Redoubt but the second objective, the Quadrilateral, was not captured until 30 June. Captain Kemal Bey commanding the troops from the line of fire was wounded and died the next day.〔Kadri Perk, ''Çanakkale Savaşları Tarihi'', p.78〕 The French suffered 2,500 casualties〔C.F.Aspinall-Ogander, Vol.2, pp-94-98〕 but the Ottomans on the receiving end of the bombardment suffered 6,000.〔ATASE, ''Çanakkale'' 3, pp.115–136〕 Remnants of the Ottoman 2nd Division were pulled back to the Asian side after this battle. This minor gain was cause of much celebration for allies who were at that point very anxious for any good news. General Gourard received congratulatory telegrams from London and Paris, Lord Kitchener, Admiral Robeck, and General Hamilton. Colonel Girdon was awarded with Légion d'honneur〔Charles F. Roux〕
On 28 June a similar attack was planned for the left flank along Gully Spur, Gully Ravine and neighbouring Fir Tree Spur. The terrain around Gully Ravine ((トルコ語:Sığındere)) was closer to the wild and rough terrain at Anzac Cove than to the ground elsewhere at Helles. The plan was for the British 29th Division and the 29th Indian Brigade to attack along Gully Spur and the ravine while one newly arrived brigade on loan to the 29th Division, the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade from the British 52nd (Lowland) Division, would attack along Fir Tree Spur.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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